Sanford Lab

    Soil Carbon & Cropping Systems Ecology

    UNIVERSITY of WISCONSIN-MADISON UW-MADISON

    Publications

    2026

    • Cloutier, M. L., Zipper, S., Liptzin, D., Adair, E. C., Auvermann, B. W., Bell, J. M., Bock, B., Brandani, C. B., Busch, D., Clark, N. E., Czymmek, K. J., Faulkner, J. W., von Haden, A. C., Horwath, W. R., Jackson, R. D., Ketterings, Q. M., Khalsa, S. D. S., Meyer, D., Sanford, G. R., … Morgan, C. L. S. (2026). Integrating soil health and manure practices to advance sustainability for US dairy farms. Journal of Environmental Quality, 55(3), e70202. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.70202
    • Hsiao, C.-J., Cloutier, M., Liptzin, D., Looker, N., Molling, C., Cope, M., Jackson, R. D., Sanford, G. R., Ruark, M. D., Busch, D., Czymmek, K., Ketterings, Q. M., Afshar, R., Bell, J., Hagevoort, R., & Morgan, C. (2026). Management practices and soil health: Insights from dairy farms in the United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 396, 109969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109969
    • Nickodem, C. A., Tran, P. Q., Neeno-Eckwall, E., Naing, N., Sanford, G. R., Silva, E. M., & Hite, J. L. (2026). Soil management practices shape the abundance, diversity, and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 123(35), e2605731123. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605731123
    • Potash, E., von Haden, A. C., Bergschneider, L., Douglass, M. S., Ferrari, L., Lopez, R. I., Martinez, A. R., & Margenot, A. J. (2026). Empirical evaluation and recommendations for equivalent soil mass adjustment of soil organic carbon stocks. Geoderma, 469, 117801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117801
    • Slessarev, E. W., Pett‐Ridge, J., Min, K., Berhe, A. A., Das, S., Jackson, R. D., Jastrow, J. D., Kan, M., Kumar, S., Longbottom, T., McFarlane, K. J., Oerter, E., Richards, B. K., Robertson, G. P., Sanford, G. R., & Nuccio, E. E. (2026). Assessing the effect of a deep‐rooted grass on belowground carbon storage in cultivated land: Insights from a multi‐site US study. Earth’s Future, 14(4), e2025EF007102. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF007102

    2025

    • Aljohani, M., Lan, L., Daly, H., Verdía Barbará, P., Hu, M., Nisar, S., Ding, S., Hallett, J., Watkins, N., Macalpine, W. J., Rowe, R., Brandt-Talbot, A., Sanford, G., Ralph, J., Mansfield, S. D., D’Agostino, C., Fan, X., & Hardacre, C. (2025). Enhancing hydrogen production from bioenergy crops via photoreforming. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 147(33), 29679–29686. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c01871
    • Bekken, M. A. H., Sanford, G., & Soldat, D. J. (2025). Next steps toward improving estimates of golf course net climate impact—The development of a methodology for individual golf courses to measure soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 15(1), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.70014
    • Judd, T. C., Ruark, M. D., Rui, Y., Sanford, G. R., & Freedman, Z. B. (2025). Mechanisms of soil organic matter persistence vary across time and soil depth in long-term cropping systems of the North Central US. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 393, 109769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109769
    • Juice, S. M., Hartman, M. D., von Haden, A. C., Parton, W. J., & Brzostek, E. R. (2025). Modeling plant nutrient acquisition strategies alters projections of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in bioenergy agroecosystems. GCB Bioenergy, 17(6), e70042. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70042
    • Min, K., Nuccio, E., Slessarev, E., Kan, M., McFarlane, K. J., Oerter, E., Jurusik, A., Sanford, G., Thelen, K. D., Pett-Ridge, J., & Berhe, A. A. (2025). Deep-rooted perennials alter microbial respiration and chemical composition of carbon in density fractions along soil depth profiles. Geoderma, 455, 117202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117202
    • Mirabella, J. P., von Haden, A., Sanford, G., Ruark, M., & Zhu-Barker, X. (2025). Fate of synthetic fertilizer nitrogen in a maize system depends on dairy manure type: Insights from an isotopic tracing field study. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 61(8), 1405–1421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01946-w
    • Nickodem, C. A., Tran, P. Q., Neeno-Eckwall, E., Congdon, A. G., Sanford, G. R., Silva, E. M., & Hite, J. L. (2025). Soil management strategies drive divergent impacts on pathogens and environmental resistomes. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 43215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27157-9
    • Orfanou, A., Sanford, G. R., Jackson, R. D., Ruark, M. D., Gratton, C., Pavlou, D., Mourtzinis, S., Conley, S. P., & Kucharik, C. J. (2025). Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA. Smart Agricultural Technology, 11, 100930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2025.100930

    2024

    • Bybee-Finley, K. A., Muller, K., White, K. E., Cavigelli, M. A., Han, E., Schomberg, H. H., Snapp, S., Viens, F., Correndo, A. A., Deiss, L., Fonteyne, S., Garcia Y Garcia, A., Gaudin, A. C. M., Hooker, D. C., Janovicek, K., Jin, V., Johnson, G., Karsten, H., Liebman, M., … Bowles, T. M. (2024). Rotational complexity increases cropping system output under poorer growing conditions. One Earth, 7(9), 1638–1654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2024.07.008
    • Dietz, C. L., Jackson, R. D., Ruark, M. D., & Sanford, G. R. (2024). Author Correction: Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands over 30 years but lost in field crop systems in a temperate Mollisol. Communications Earth & Environment, 5(1), 655. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01770-4
    • Dietz, C. L., Jackson, R. D., Ruark, M. D., & Sanford, G. R. (2024). Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands over 30 years but lost in field crop systems in a temperate Mollisol. Communications Earth & Environment, 5(1), 360. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01500-w
    • Raffeld, A. M., Bradford, M. A., Jackson, R. D., Rath, D., Sanford, G. R., Tautges, N., & Oldfield, E. E. (2024). The importance of accounting method and sampling depth to estimate changes in soil carbon stocks. Carbon Balance and Management, 19(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-024-00249-1
    • von Haden, A. C., Sanford, G. R., Cates, A. M., & Jackson, R. D. (2024). Paired resampling to detect field-level soil organic carbon stock change. Comment on “Testing the feasibility of quantifying change in agricultural soil carbon stocks through empirical sampling” by Bradford et al. Geoderma, 448, 116959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116959

    2023

    • Jayawardena, D. M., Robertson, G. P., Sanford, G. R., & Thelen, K. D. (2023). Comparative productivity of six bioenergy cropping systems on marginal lands in the Great Lakes Region, United States. Agronomy Journal, 115(5), 2451–2468. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21416
    • Liptzin, D., Rieke, E. L., Cappellazzi, S. B., Bean, G. M., Cope, M., Greub, K. L. H., Norris, C. E., Tracy, P. W., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Tavarez, O. B., Bary, A. I., Baumhardt, R. L., Gracia, A. B., Brainard, D. C., Brennan, J. R., Reyes, D. B., Bruhjell, D., Carlyle, C. N., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2023). An evaluation of nitrogen indicators for soil health in long‐term agricultural experiments. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 87(4), 868–884. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20558

    2022

    • Bagnall, D. K., Morgan, C. L. S., Bean, G. M., Liptzin, D., Cappellazzi, S. B., Cope, M., Greub, K. L. H., Rieke, E. L., Norris, C. E., Tracy, P. W., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Tavarez, O. B., Bary, A. I., Baumhardt, R. L., Gracia, A. B., Brainard, D. C., Brennan, J. R., Reyes, D. B., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2022). Selecting soil hydraulic properties as indicators of soil health: Measurement response to management and site characteristics. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 86(5), 1206–1226. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20428
    • Bagnall, D. K., Morgan, C. L. S., Cope, M., Bean, G. M., Cappellazzi, S., Greub, K., Liptzin, D., Norris, C. L., Rieke, E., Tracy, P., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Bañuelos Tavarez, O., Bary, A., Baumhardt, R. L., Borbón Gracia, A., Brainard, D., Brennan, J., Briones Reyes, D., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2022). Carbon‐sensitive pedotransfer functions for plant available water. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 86(3), 612–629. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20395
    • Liptzin, D., Norris, C. E., Cappellazzi, S. B., Bean, G. M., Cope, M., Greub, K. L. H., Rieke, E. L., Tracy, P. W., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Bañuelos Tavarez, O., Bary, A. I., Baumhardt, R. L., Borbón Gracia, A., Brainard, D. C., Brennan, J. R., Briones Reyes, D., Bruhjell, D., Carlyle, C. N., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2022). An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 172, 108708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108708
    • Potter, T. S., Vereecke, L., Lankau, R. A., Sanford, G. R., Silva, E. M., & Ruark, M. D. (2022). Long-term management drives divergence in soil microbial biomass, richness, and composition among upper Midwest, USA cropping systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 325, 107718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107718
    • Rieke, E. L., Bagnall, D. K., Morgan, C. L. S., Flynn, K. D., Howe, J. A., Greub, K. L. H., Mac Bean, G., Cappellazzi, S. B., Cope, M., Liptzin, D., Norris, C. E., Tracy, P. W., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Bañuelos Tavarez, O., Bary, A. I., Baumhardt, R. L., Borbón Gracia, A., Brainard, D. C., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2022). Evaluation of aggregate stability methods for soil health. Geoderma, 428, 116156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116156
    • Rieke, E. L., Cappellazzi, S. B., Cope, M., Liptzin, D., Mac Bean, G., Greub, K. L. H., Norris, C. E., Tracy, P. W., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Bañuelos Tavarez, O., Bary, A. I., Baumhardt, R. L., Borbón Gracia, A., Brainard, D. C., Brennan, J. R., Briones Reyes, D., Bruhjell, D., Carlyle, C. N., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2022). Linking soil microbial community structure to potential carbon mineralization: A continental scale assessment of reduced tillage. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 168, 108618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108618
    • Rui, Y., Jackson, R. D., Cotrufo, M. F., Sanford, G. R., Spiesman, B. J., Deiss, L., Culman, S. W., Liang, C., & Ruark, M. D. (2022). Persistent soil carbon enhanced in Mollisols by well-managed grasslands but not annual grain or dairy forage cropping systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(7), e2118931119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118931119
    • Rui, Y., Jackson, R. D., Cotrufo, M. F., Sanford, G. R., Spiesman, B. J., Deiss, L., Culman, S. W., Liang, C., & Ruark, M. D. (2022). Reply to Chen et al.: Soil organic carbon stocks and persistence of surface 30 cm of Mollisols. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(28), e2204140119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2204140119
    • Rui, Y., Jackson, R. D., Cotrufo, M. F., Sanford, G. R., Spiesman, B. J., Deiss, L., Culman, S. W., Liang, C., & Ruark, M. D. (2022). Reply to Lajtha and Silva: Agriculture and soil carbon persistence of grassland-derived Mollisols. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(30), e2204142119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2204142119
    • Sanford, G. R., Jackson, R. D., Rui, Y., & Kucharik, C. J. (2022). Land use-land cover gradient demonstrates the importance of perennial grasslands with intact soils for building soil carbon in the fertile Mollisols of the North Central US. Geoderma, 418, 115854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115854

    2021

    • Rivero, M. J., Evans, A. C. O., Berndt, A., Cartmill, A., Dowsey, A., Farruggia, A., Mignolet, C., Enriquez-Hidalgo, D., Chadwick, D., McCracken, D. I., Busch, D., Pereyra, F., Martin, G. B., Sanford, G. R., Sheridan, H., Wright, I., Brunet, L., Eisler, M. C., Lopez-Villalobos, N., … Lee, M. R. F. (2021). Taking the steps toward sustainable livestock: Our multidisciplinary global farm platform journey. Animal Frontiers, 11(5), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab048
    • Sanford, G. R., Jackson, R. D., Booth, E. G., Hedtcke, J. L., & Picasso, V. (2021). Perenniality and diversity drive output stability and resilience in a 26-year cropping systems experiment. Field Crops Research, 263, 108071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108071

    2020

    • Rui, Y., Sanford, G. R., Hedtcke, J. L., & Ruark, M. D. (2020). Legacy effects of liquid dairy manure in grain production systems. Agricultural Systems, 181, 102825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102825
    • Wang, S., Sanford, G. R., Robertson, G. P., Jackson, R. D., & Thelen, K. D. (2020). Perennial bioenergy crop yield and quality response to nitrogen fertilization. BioEnergy Research, 13(1), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-10072-z
    • Zhang, Y., Serate, J., Xie, D., Gajbhiye, S., Kulzer, P., Sanford, G., Russell, J. D., McGee, M., Foster, C., Coon, J. J., Landick, R., & Sato, T. K. (2020). Production of hydrolysates from unmilled AFEX-pretreated switchgrass and comparative fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis. Bioresource Technology Reports, 11, 100517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100517

    2019

    • Szymanski, L. M., Sanford, G. R., Heckman, K. A., Jackson, R. D., & Marín-Spiotta, E. (2019). Conversion to bioenergy crops alters the amount and age of microbially-respired soil carbon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 128, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.08.025

    2018

    • Cates, A. M., Sanford, G. R., Good, L. W., & Jackson, R. D. (2018). What do we know about cover crop efficacy in the North Central United States? Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 73(6), 2. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.73.6.153A
    • Ong, R. G., Shinde, S., Da Costa Sousa, L., & Sanford, G. R. (2018). Pre-senescence harvest of switchgrass inhibits xylose utilization by engineered yeast. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6, 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00052
    • Zhang, Y., Oates, L. G., Serate, J., Xie, D., Pohlmann, E., Bukhman, Y. V., Karlen, S. D., Young, M. K., Higbee, A., Eilert, D., Sanford, G. R., Piotrowski, J. S., Cavalier, D., Ralph, J., Coon, J. J., Sato, T. K., & Ong, R. G. (2018). Diverse lignocellulosic feedstocks can achieve high field‐scale ethanol yields while providing flexibility for the biorefinery and landscape‐level environmental benefits. GCB Bioenergy, 10(11), 825–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12533

    2017

    • Osterholz, W. R., Rinot, O., Shaviv, A., Linker, R., Liebman, M., Sanford, G., Strock, J., & Castellano, M. J. (2017). Predicting gross nitrogen mineralization and potentially mineralizable nitrogen using soil organic matter properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 81(5), 1115–1126. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.02.0055
    • Sanford, G. R., Oates, L. G., Roley, S. S., Duncan, D. S., Jackson, R. D., Robertson, G. P., & Thelen, K. D. (2017). Biomass production a stronger driver of cellulosic ethanol yield than biomass quality. Agronomy Journal, 109(5), 1911–1922. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.08.0454

    2016

    • Hossard, L., Archer, D. W., Bertrand, M., Colnenne‐David, C., Debaeke, P., Ernfors, M., Jeuffroy, M., Munier‐Jolain, N., Nilsson, C., Sanford, G. R., Snapp, S. S., Jensen, E. S., & Makowski, D. (2016). A meta‐analysis of maize and wheat yields in low‐input vs. Conventional and organic systems. Agronomy Journal, 108(3), 1155–1167. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0512
    • Liang, C., Kao-Kniffin, J., Sanford, G. R., Wickings, K., Balser, T. C., & Jackson, R. D. (2016). Microorganisms and their residues under restored perennial grassland communities of varying diversity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 103, 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.002
    • Oates, L. G., Duncan, D. S., Sanford, G. R., Liang, C., & Jackson, R. D. (2016). Bioenergy cropping systems that incorporate native grasses stimulate growth of plant-associated soil microbes in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 233, 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.008
    • Ong, R. G., Higbee, A., Bottoms, S., Dickinson, Q., Xie, D., Smith, S. A., Serate, J., Pohlmann, E., Jones, A. D., Coon, J. J., Sato, T. K., Sanford, G. R., Eilert, D., Oates, L. G., Piotrowski, J. S., Bates, D. M., Cavalier, D., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Inhibition of microbial biofuel production in drought-stressed switchgrass hydrolysate. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9(1), 237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0657-0
    • Sanford, G. R., Oates, L. G., Jasrotia, P., Thelen, K. D., Robertson, G. P., & Jackson, R. D. (2016). Comparative productivity of alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central USA. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 216, 344–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.018
    • Skevas, T., Swinton, S. M., Tanner, S., Sanford, G., & Thelen, K. D. (2016). Investment risk in bioenergy crops. GCB Bioenergy, 8(6), 1162–1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12320

    2015

    • Sanford, G. R., Hedtcke, J. L., & Jackson, R. D. (2015). The Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial: 26 years of research in agricultural sustainability. In S. Peacock, B. Smith, E. Stockdale, & C. Watson (Eds.), Aspects of Applied Biology 128: Valuing long-term sites and experiments for agriculture and ecology (pp. 249–251). https://www.aab.org.uk/product/aspects-128-valuing-long-term-sites-and-experiments-for-agriculture-and-ecology/
    • Sanford, G. S., Oates, Lawrence G., Jasrotia, P., Thelen, K. D., Robertson, GP, & Jackson, Randall D. (2015). Comparative productivity of maize, switchgrass, Miscanthus, poplar, prairie, and other cellulosic bioenergy crops in the North Central US. In V. Carlton, R. Halford, N. Karp, K. Lindegaard, I. Shield, & P. Thornley (Eds.), Aspects of Applied Biology 131: Biomass and Energy Crops V (pp. 19–23). https://www.aab.org.uk/product/aspects-131-biomass-and-energy-crops-v/
    • Serate, J., Xie, D., Pohlmann, E., Donald, C., Shabani, M., Hinchman, L., Higbee, A., Mcgee, M., La Reau, A., Klinger, G. E., Li, S., Myers, C. L., Boone, C., Bates, D. M., Cavalier, D., Eilert, D., Oates, L. G., Sanford, G., Sato, T. K., … Zhang, Y. (2015). Controlling microbial contamination during hydrolysis of AFEX-pretreated corn stover and switchgrass: Effects on hydrolysate composition, microbial response and fermentation. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 8(1), 180. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0356-2

    2014

    • Hedtcke, J. L., Sanford, G. R., Hadley, K. E., & Thelen, K. D. (2014). Maximizing Land Use during Switchgrass Establishment in the North Central United States. Agronomy Journal, 106(2), 596–604. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0410
    • Sanford, G. R. (2014). Perennial grasslands are essential for long term SOC storage in the Mollisols of the North Central USA. In A. E. Hartemink & K. McSweeney (Eds.), Soil Carbon (pp. 281–288). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_29

    2013 and earlier

    • Sanford, G. R., & Kucharik, C. J. (2013). Effect of methodological consideration on soil carbon parameter estimates obtained via the acid hydrolysis-incubation method. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 67, 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.002
    • Sanford, G. R., Posner, J. L., Jackson, R. D., Kucharik, C. J., Hedtcke, J. L., & Lin, T.-L. (2012). Soil carbon lost from Mollisols of the North Central U.S.A. with 20 years of agricultural best management practices. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 162, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.08.011
    • Liang, C., Sanford, G. R., Jackson, R. D., & Balser, T. C. (2011). Potential legacy effects of biofuel cropping systems on soil microbial communities in southern Wisconsin, USA. Agricultural Sciences, 02(02), 131–137. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2011.22019
    • Sanford, G. R., Cook, A. R., Posner, J. L., Hedtcke, J. L., Hall, J. A., & Baldock, J. O. (2009). Linking Wisconsin dairy and grain farms via manure transfer for corn production. Agronomy Journal, 101(1), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2008.0126
    • Sanford, G. R., Posner, J. L., & Hadley, G. L. (2009). Economics of hauling dairy slurry and its value in Wisconsin corn grain systems. Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, 3(1), 1–10.
    • Sanford, G., Posner, J., Schuler, R., & Baldock, J. (2008). Effect of dairy slurry application on soil compaction and corn (Zea mays L.) yield in Southern Wisconsin. Soil and Tillage Research, 100(1–2), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.04.003

    Datasets

    • Sanford, G., Jackson, R., Hedtcke, J., Liou, M., von Haden, A., & Posner, J. (2026). WICST Agronomic Management [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21416434
    • Sanford, G., Jackson, R., Hedtcke, J., Liou, M., von Haden, A., & Posner, J. (2026). WICST Crop Yields—Abridged [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18355889
    • Sanford, G., Jackson, R., Hedtcke, J., Liou, M., von Haden, A., & Posner, J. (2026). WICST Experimental Design [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21298523
    • Sanford, G., Jackson, R., Hedtcke, J., Liou, M., von Haden, A., & Posner, J. (2026). WICST Soil Fertility [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21707807
    • Sanford, G., Jackson, R., Hedtcke, J., Liou, M., von Haden, A., & Posner, J. (2026). WICST Yields [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21515123
    • Dietz, C., Jackson, R., Ruark, M., & Sanford, G. (2024). Data from: Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands over 30 years but lost in field crop systems in a temperate Mollisol (Version 14, p. 503112 bytes) [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b8gtht7mv
    • Raffeld, A., Jackson, R., Sanford, G., Rath, D., & Tautges, N. (2024). Data from: The importance of accounting method and sampling depth to estimate changes in soil carbon stocks (Version 4, p. 376337 bytes) [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1w06
    • Collier, S. M., Morris, E. J., Winiecke, L. A., Doiron, C., Butz, A. P., Sanford, G. R., Ruark, M. D., & Barford, C. (2017). Greenhouse gas fluxes from a dairy cropping system at the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping System Trials [Dataset]. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1361194
    Login Request Help Help Docs